Availability of Some Early English-language Reports on Petri Nets
James L. Peterson
Department of Computer Sciences
The University of Texas at Austin
Austin, Texas 78712
February 1980
This paper has been published. It should be cited as
James L. Peterson, ``Availability of Some Early English Language
Reports On Petri Nets'', Newsletter of the Special Interest Group
on Petri Nets and Related System Models, Number 4, (February
1980), pages 21-27.
Many people have indicated that some of the early classic
papers on Petri nets are difficult to obtain. In the United States
much research is supported by grants and contracts from the U.S.
government and so copies of these research reports
are filed with the government.
The National Technical Information Service (Department
of Commerce) provides access to most of these reports. To get
a copy of a particular report, you must know its accession
number. Accession numbers are determined by searching the
semi-monthly Government Reports Announcements which print
the accession number, source, and abstract. I have compiled
the following list of Petri net reports which are on file with NTIS.
The accession number is the AD-xxx xxx or PB-xxx xxx number.
To get a copy of one of these reports, write first to obtain
a price quote (giving the accession number of the
report or reports which you want) and a
copy of Folder PR-360-4. Copies are available
in paper (generally $10.00 to $25.00) and microfiche (around
$3.50 to $5.00). Prices vary according to the number of pages.
The address to write is:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, Virginia 22161
U.S.A.
A source of any research which is published as a Ph.D.
dissertation is University Microfilms. Almost all Ph.D. dissertations
in the U.S. and Canada are available from them. Prices are similar
to those of NTIS for paper copy, but seem to be higher for microfiche.
They have two addresses:
University Microfilms University Microfilms International
P. O. Box 1764 Tylers Green
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 High Wycombe
U.S.A. Buckinghamshire, England HP10 8HR
A final alternative: If there was sufficient interest,
we might be able to interest a publisher (like Springer-Verlag)
in publishing a collection of important (historical) Petri net
papers. The major question of course is: What are the major
Petri net papers? One is obvious: Petri's thesis. What are the
others? If you would like to send me your suggestions, mail them
to:
James L. Peterson
Department of Computer Sciences
University of Texas
Austin, Texas 78712
AD-630 125
Carl Adam Petri,
COMMUNICATION WITH AUTOMATA,
Final report, Volume 1, Supplement 1, RADC TR-65-377-vol-1-suppl-1,
Applied Data Research, Princeton, NJ,
Contract AF 30(602)-3324,
(January 1966), 98 pages;
Translation by Clifford F. Greene, Jr.
of Kommunikation mit Automaten, Bonn, 1962.
The theory of automata is shown not capable of representing
the actual physical flow of information in the solution of
a recursive problem. The argument proceeds as follows:
-
The following postulates are assumed: (a) there exists
an upper bound on the speed of signals; (b) there exists
an upper bound on the density with which information can
be stored.
-
Automata of fixed, finite size can recognize,
at best, only iteratively defined classes of input sequences.
-
Recursively defined classes of input sequences that cannot
be defined iteratively can be recognized only by automata
of unbounded size.
-
In order for an automaton to solve a
(soluble) recursive problem, the possiblity must be granted
that it can be extended unboundedly in whatever way might
be required.
-
Automata (as actual hardware) formulated in
accordance with automata theory will, after a finite number
of extensions, conflict with at least one of the postulates.
Suitable conceptual structures for an exact theory of
communication are then discussed, and a theory of communication
proposed.
AD-676 972
Anatol W. Holt, et al.,
INFORMATION SYSTEM THEORY PROJECT,
Final report, RADC-TR-68-305,
Applied Data Research, Princeton, NJ,
Contract AF 30(602)-4211,
(September 1968), 359 pages.
Project ISTP has been engaged in basic research aimed at developing
theory and technique for analysis and description of data
structures. Three principal objectives were defined at
the outset:
-
Description of data structures with precision and
conciseness for communication between designers,
implementers, and users;
-
Description of data structures
leading to implementation insights;
-
Description of data
structures leading to evaluations of the form:
Given a particular computing system and a given
class of storage and retrieval problems, how
suitable is a described structure as a means of accomplishing
problem solutions on the proposed equipment.
This report gives
the main results to date of the project.
AD-704 796
Anatol W. Holt and Frederic Commoner,
RESEARCH IN MACHINE-INDEPENDENT SOFTWARE PROGRAMMING: TASK
AREA II. EVENTS AND CONDITIONS: AN APPROACH TO THE
DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS,
Semi-annual technical report number 3,
Massachusetts Computer Associates, Wakefield, MA,
Contract DAHC04-68-C-0043, ARPA Order 1228,
(April 1970), 197 pages.
The document reports studies on marked graphs
and state transition diagrams, both of which are
special cases of occurrence systems. It is hoped that
the developing ability to analyze these two classes
will give the tools with which to attack the analysis
of systems which are Petri-net describable. Marked
graphs and state transition diagrams isolate two
aspects of system description from one another:
the aspect which has to do with flow, and the aspect
which has to do with function. In the area of
marked graphs, effort was divided into two parts:
semantics and mathematics. In the area of state
transition analysis, a new technical concept of
information was developed which makes it possible to
measure information quantities that flow in and out of a
state machine, as well as identify the information
content which flows in and out at different
state transitions.
AD-711 763
Suhas Shrikrishna Patil,
COORDINATION OF ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS,
Report number MAC TR-72,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA,
Contract NONR-4102(01),
(June 1970), 235 pages.
The way activity in a system proceeds is that events
occur as a result of some conditions and
lead to some new conditions which make other
events possible. Often it is necessary to coordinate
such events to ensure proper behavior. Coordination
nets for representing such coordinations and
physically realizable structures for enforcing such
coordinations are presented. These structures are
modular and can be mechanically derived from the
coordination nets. Coordinations involved in
concurrent management of resources are also discussed.
AD-740 320
Michel Hack,
ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION SCHEMATA BY PETRI NETS,
Master's thesis,
Report number MAC TR-94, Project MAC,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA,
Contract N00014-70-A-0362-0001, ARPA Order 433,
(February 1972), 114 pages.
Petri nets provide a powerful graphical tool for
representing and analyzing complex concurrent systems.
Properties such as hang-up freeness,
determinacy, conflict, concurrency and dependency,
can be represented and studied. The
precise relationship between structural and behavioral
properties, and between local and
global properties is not well understood for the
most general class of Petri nets. This thesis
presents such results for a restricted class of Petri
nets called Free Choice Petri Nets, and for a corresponding
class of systems called Production Schemata. Results
on structural constraints guaranteeing
global operation, and decompositions of complex systems
into meaningful parts, are also presented.
PB-231 916
Michel Hack,
DECISION PROBLEMS FOR PETRI NETS AND VECTOR ADDITION SYSTEMS,
CSG-Memo-95, Computation Structures Group,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA,
Grant NSF-GJ-34671,
(March 1974), 76 pages.
Four formalisms are mentioned: Vector Addition Systems,
Petri nets, Vector Replacement Systems, and
Generalized Petri Nets. The graphical appeal
of Petri Net methods permits a better grasp for
intuitive arguments, which can help enormously to find
rigorous proofs of various facts. New proofs of
the major decidability results obtained for Vector
Addition Systems by Karp and Miller, as well as of
Rabin's undecidability result are presented.
Finally, the author applies these tools to several
open questions, and proves the recursive reducibilities
between various decidability questions. The author proves
the recursive equivalence of the Liveness
problem and the Reachability problem.
PB-231 926
James L. Peterson,
MODELLING OF PARALLEL SYSTEMS,
Technical report number 46, SU-SEL-74-006, STAN-CS-74-410,
Stanford Electronics Laboratories, Stanford University,
Stanford, CA,
Grant NSF-GK-23315,
(December 1973), 254 pages.
A schematic model of parallel systems, the p-model, is presented.
The p-model is defined in terms of a control structure,
called the p-net, and an interpretation. Emphasis is
on the control structure rather than the interpretation. Execution
rules for the p-net specify a set of reachable states
which the p-net may enter. An execution of a p-net generates a
sequence of operations called a computation sequence.
The set of all possible computation sequences for a p-net
is its computation sequence set.
AD-779 257
DEVELOPMENT OF THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS
FOR DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF DISCRETE
INFORMATION SYSTEMS. VOLUME I. SEMANTICS,
Final report, Report number CADD-7405-2011-Vol-1,
Massachusetts Computer Associates, Wakefield, MA,
Sponsored in part by Advanced Research Projects Agency,
(May 1974), 66 pages.
Contents
-
Communication mechanics (Parts, Values, Motion
and propagation, The motion of parts and values);
-
Nets, time and space (Cells and boundaries, Full and
empty space and time, One-directional motion).
AD-779 891
DEVELOPMENT OF THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS
FOR DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF DISCRETE
INFORMATION SYSTEMS. VOLUME II. MATHEMATICS,
Final report, Report number CADD-7405-2011-Vol-2,
Massachusetts Computer Associates, Wakefield, MA,
Sponsored in part by Advanced Research Projects Agency,
(May 1974), 227 pages.
Contents
-
Marked directed graphs;
-
Integer programming theorems for oriented graphoids;
-
The path graphoid of a graph and its
applications to network theory;
-
The vertex graphoid of a bipartite graph and
a sufficient condition for total unimodularity;
-
Deadlocks in Petri nets;
-
A sufficient condition for a matrix to be totally unimodular.
AD-780 804
DEVELOPMENT OF THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS
FOR DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF DISCRETE
INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
Semi-annual technical report number 1, CADD-7406-0611,
Massachusetts Computer Associates, Wakefield, MA,
Sponsored in part by Advanced Research Projects Agency,
(June 1974), 78 pages.
The first section considers a further development of
ideas pertaining to the interpretation of Petri
nets. The second section is an attempt to specify
the mathematical foundation for the theory. The
purpose of this section is purely to set forth the
important structural ideas, not to show how these
ideas relate to the semantic content they are
designed to support. The third section reports on a
new theorem due to Fred Commoner, about
marked graphs, which has an important bearing on
the development of Communication Mechanics.
AD-A008 385
DEVELOPMENT OF THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS
FOR DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF DISCRETE
INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
Semi-annual technical report number 2, CADD-7503-1411,
Massachusetts Computer Associates, Wakefield, MA,
Sponsored in part by Advanced Research Projects Agency,
(March 1975), 210 pages.
Contents
-
Role/activity models and Petri nets;
-
Role-activity nets in the analysis of a financial information system;
-
The connection of parts to one another in system contexts;
-
Definitions pertaining to Petri nets, states and events and
behavior;
-
Calculating logical and probabilistic dependencies in a
class of net models;
-
System modeling with net structures;
-
On periodic solutions of affine recurrence systems;
-
Communication mechanics.
AD-A047 864
Anatol W. Holt,
RESEARCH ON INFORMATION SYSTEM SPECIFICATION,
Final report, CADD-7708-0911,
Massachusetts Computer Associates, Wakefield, MA,
Contract N00014-76-C-0781,
(August 1977), 183 pages.
This document reports the results of the
development of methods for system specification
and analysis in conjunction with the
National Software Works Project currently in
progress in our company. This report indicates
that the ideas developed and partially tested in
this setting are, potentially, of wide utility in the
description and analysis of systems where the
interest focuses on the relation of communication
among a set of agents with interdependent
tasks. The is a description of a theoretical framework
in which to study the effects of the
propagation of information in a system context
as a result of analysis of logical dependence
relations in the nets. There is a discussion of the relationship
between the concepts concurrency and
choice, a survey of the use of Petri nets for the
representation of organizational relations.